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Salt glaze pottery is stoneware with a glaze of glossy, translucent and slightly orange-peel-like texture which was formed by throwing common salt into the kiln during the higher temperature part of the firing process. Sodium from the salt reacts with silica in the clay body to form a glassy coating of sodium silicate. The glaze may be colourless or may be coloured various shades of brown (from iron oxide), blue (from cobalt oxide), or purple (from manganese oxide).〔''Dictionary Of Ceramics''. Arthur Dodd & David Murfin. 3rd edition. The Institute Of Minerals. 1994.〕〔()〕〔’The ABC of English salt-glaze stoneware from Dwight to Doulton.’ Blacker J.F. S.Paul & Company, London 1922.〕 ==History== The earliest known production of salt glazed stoneware was in the Rhineland of Germany around 1280.〔()〕 Initially, the process was used on earthenware. By the 15th century, small pottery towns of the Westerwald, including Höhr-Grenzhausen, Siegberg, Köln, and Raeren in Flanders, were producing a salt-glazed stoneware.〔G.C.Nelson. 'Ceramics: A Potter's Handbook.' ''Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.'', New York. 1966. ISBN 0-03-086000-8〕 Westerwald Pottery was characterized by stamped medallions and the use of a cobalt oxide based colorant for decoration. Production of salt glaze pottery in Westerwald ceased because of environmental considerations in 1983.〔()〕 In the UK during the 17th century and 18th century high quality salt-glazed stoneware was produced in Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, London and Staffordshire.〔()〕 Salt glazed pottery was also popular in North America from the early 17th century until the early 19th century,〔()〕 Whilst its manufacturer in America increased from the earliest dated production, the 1720s in Yorktown, significant amounts were always imported from Britain.〔'A Guide To Artifacts Of Colonial America.' I.N.Hume. ''University of Pennsylvania Press''. 2001.〕 The earliest known production of salt glaze pottery in Australia has been dated to 1850-1883.〔()〕 During the 20th century the technique was promoted for studio pottery use by Bernard Leach. In the 1950s it was introduced into Japanese craft pottery through Leach's association with Shoji Hamada. Don Reitz introduced salt glazing into the curriculum at Alfred University, New York in 1959, and it subsequently spread to other American universities with ceramic art programs. Due to the significant amount of air pollution resulting from the process 〔()〕 environmental clean air restrictions led to the demise of widespread use of salt glazing.〔''Dictionary Of Ceramics''. Arthur Dodd & David Murfin. 3rd edition. The Institute Of Minerals. 1994.〕 It was last used on any large scale for the production of salt-glazed sewer-pipes, and other than limited use by some studio potters the process is obsolete,〔''Dictionary Of Ceramics''. Arthur Dodd & David Murfin. 3rd edition. The Institute Of Minerals. 1994.〕 although there are reports of it still being used for sewer-pipes in India.〔()〕〔()〕〔()〕〔()〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Salt glaze pottery」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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